The world energy demand has increased radically in few decades. The price of conventional fossil fuel is rising rapidly and also increase of carbon dioxide (Co2) level in the atmosphere leads acid rain,global warming and health hazards. Diesel is fossil fuel that is getting exhausted at a fast rate. The fossil fuels are non-renewable energy. Hence alternative fuels are necessary and a need of an hour. Biodiesel has better performance than petroleum diesel, because, it is a clean burning fuel that does not contribute to the increase of carbon dioxide, being environmentally friendly. Castor oil is cultivated in India at huge amount,has a high potential to become an alternative fuel to replace diesel fuel. To reduce the amount of free fatty acid below 1 %( as more than 1% leads to soap formation, thereby affecting the transesterification process, hence the biodiesel production is done in two steps... The first step of acid catalyzed esterification process to reduces the free fatty acid content of castor oil to below1%.The next base catalyzed transesterification process converts the preheated oil to castor biodiesel. This two-step process gave an average yield of 90%.The castor biodiesel is blended with diesel on volume basis in different proportions. The blend proportions are used in 15:85(B15), 35:65(B35), and 45:55 (B45). These blended oils are used to run a single cylinder four stroke Compression ignition engine, to study and compare the different performance and emission characteristics at different load conditions with different shapes of pistons.

The exponential growth of computing performance was also combined with the increasing availability of large scale computing resources, for the benefit of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) research and most commercial software providers are up-scaling the software potential to serve the user base. In this article some available commercial software’s for CFD research are introduced and the importance of the necessary steps of verification and validation are emphasized.

This paper proposes an improved hybrid distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) topology to compensate reactive and non linear loads with reduced VSI rating, DC link voltage and filter size. An LCL filter with small value of inductor compared to traditional L filter has been used at the front end of a voltage source inverter (VSI), which provides the elimination of switching harmonics. Voltage of the DSTATCOM can be reduced with capacitor to be connected in series with an LCL filter. Consequently the power rating of the voltage source inverter has been decreased. With reduced dc-link voltage, the voltage across the shunt capacitor of the LCL filter will be also less. It will reduce the power losses in the damping resistor as compared with the traditional LCL filter with passive damping. Therefore, the proposed DSTATCOM topology will have reduced weight, cost, rating, and size with improved efficiency and current compensation capability compared with the traditional topology. A systematic procedure to design the components of the passive filter has been presented. The effectiveness of the proposed DSTATCOM topology over traditional topologies is validated through simulation.

Wireless Sensor Network is a gathering of specific transducers generally termed as sensor for observing and recording the happening at unreachable places. The functioning of these sensors nodes mainly depends upon battery capacity and life. The major difficulty in WSNs is to replace or recharge the discharge battery. The efficiency of WSNS can be enhanced using the different routing protocols by reducing the battery usage and increasing the data transmission rate. In the present paper, the comparative analysis among LEACH, HLEACH and IB-LEACH Protocols has been carried out in terms of transmission of data. The simulated results have been carried out with MATLAB.

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of strong alkalines in water on compressive strength of admixture cements. The admixture cement cubes were cast with deionised water and deionised water containing the strong alkalines of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. In the present study, the effect of strong alkalines such as Carbonates and Bicarbonates of Sodium on setting time and strength development is assessed under the laboratory condition. The results shows Na2CO3 in deionised water accelerate the initial and final setting times where as the other substance NaHCO3 retards the initial and final setting times in all the concentrations. Both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in deionised water increase the strength at early age (3-day and 7-day) and decrease significantly at 28-day, 60-day and 90-day. In the present work analysis, the hydration characteristics of the admixture cements using the techniques of X-ray Diffraction analysis and useful conclusions are obtained regarding the influence of strong acids.

This paper presents a Selective Harmonic Elimination-PWM technology (SHE-PWM) for transformer less static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) system employing Hybrid multilevel inverter configuration. In this method variable DC voltage is used and the lower order harmonics are eliminated, without affecting the structure of the inverter. This method gives constant switching angle,so it reduces the number of steps required for offline calculation. The proposed method optimizes the DC-DC converter topology for high efficiency with high voltage capacity. In this paper a Buck converter is used. Current and voltage closed loop controllers are used to meet reactive power demandunder varying load condition. The mat lab simulink shows the output result.

The paper describes implementation of mobile robots programming process with Robot Operating System (ROS). ROS provides different tools for data analysis, facilities of multiple robots and their sensors,teleoperation devices interaction thereby targeting engineering education. An example with the multiagent interaction between agent-evader and agent-pursuer were taken as the basic navigational task. The computed behavior of the virtual agents were successfully transferred to the quadcopters, Lego Mindstorms NXT based and Robotino robots. Diverse experimental tests were conducted using the algorithms on virtual agents and robotic platforms.

Urban Solid Food Wastes (USFW) generated from large establishments like hotels, shopping malls,apartments and restaurants, goes directly to landfills causing undue hardships for source separation and safe disposal. This has necessitated the authorities to go for onsite treatment of source generated organic fraction of wastes for safe disposal, instead of conventional methods of composting. Aerobic In-vessel composting which has been well articulated in literature studies is carried out in the aim of providing improvements in an indigenously developed laboratory scale rotary drum for rapid composting of municipal organic solid wastes. Three sets of trials were conducted to study the effects of insulation (Mix P1, Q1 andR1), impact of agitation for different speeds of rotation of the drum at 3 rpm, 1 rpm, and 0.5 rpm (Mix P2,Q2 and R3) and for different inclination of axis of the drum with respect to horizontal at 0°, 4°and 2° (Mix P3, Q3, and R3). Out of the three sets of trials carried out with Urban Solid Food Wastes (USFW) along with bulking agent of rice husk and cow dung, the best was identified by its maximum temperature and maximum C/N reduction at optimum insulation when the speed of rotation of drum was 0.5 rpm and inclination of axis of drum at 2° .

Digital communication offers so many advantages over analog communication, that today majority of communication systems are digital only. In that DS-CDMA system is well known wireless technology. DSCDMA system suffers from Multiple Access Interference (MAI) caused by the users. Multi-User Detection schemes were introduced to detect the users data in presence of MAI. M-sequences, gold sequences etc., has been traditionally used as spreading codes in DS-CDMA. This paper introduces a new type of sequences called chaotic sequences for DS-CDMA system. Simulation results gives the performance of three detectors known as conventional detector, Decorrelating detector and MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error)detector with chaotic sequence as spreading sequence. Comparison shows that chaotic sequence is better than the gold sequence, and also MMSE gives the better performance than the decorrelator.analysis is to be carried out.

Global pollution and radiations due to greenhouse gases are of serious concern in densely populated urban areas. Electric vehicles are considered one of the pillars of eco-friendly solutions since they produce no exhaust gases. Therefore this paper carries out the study and the improvement in overall performance of an electric vehicle propulsion system, which consists of electric energy supply and traction systems. The supply system constitutes the fuel-cell stack and the DC-DC buck converter, while the traction system constitutes the Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor, its voltage source inverter and drive system.

In this emerging world, many organizations have been developed according to the needs of the people. In all the organizations and industries, many important things will be there which should be stored securely. There are various kinds of storing methods like storing in cupboards etc., which is not highly secured. Some materials can be stored very high, so that it will be difficult for the people to take and place it. So we initiated in doing a project on Automatic Vertical Storing Machine, which is highly secured and enables easy placement and replacement with the help of simple micro controller and proximity sensors. This device would save time and reduce manual efforts .This paper explains how the prototype works which is made for storing class room keys in the colleges as well as cell phones can also be stored in this device. By altering the designs it can be used in industrial storages for storing materials in the inventory.

Braille is a method of reading and feeling text through touch, rather than sight. It is mainly used by those with impaired vision; however sighted people can read Braille as well. Due to limited availability of the Braille text books an efficient usage of the books becomes a necessity. This paper proposes a method to convert a scanned Braille document to text which can be read out to many through the computer. The Braille documents are pre processed to enhance the dots and reduce the noise. The Braille cells are segmented and the dots from each cell is extracted and converted in to a number sequence. These are mapped to the appropriate alphabets of the language. The converted text is spoken out through a speech synthesizer. The paper also provides a mechanism to type the Braille characters through the number pad of the keyboard. The typed Braille character is mapped to the alphabet and spoken out. The Braille cell has a standard representation but the mapping differs for each language. In this paper mapping of English, Hindi and Tamil are considered.

In this paper the thermal comfort condition for mushroom cultivation was studied. In addition to this the cooling load needed for bring that thermal comfort condition was calculated. Mushroom cultivation was done by so many peoples in the hot and dry climatic places. In the cold places the yield of mushroom was more compared with the cold climatic places this is due to thermal comfort condition needed for mushroom cultivation. The solution for even yield in dry and cold climatic condition is to bring the thermal comfort condition at dry places by means of a refrigeration system. To design a refrigeration system cooling load calculation is necessary. So a prototype model for refrigeration system geometry for mushroom cultivation was developed and its necessary cooling load was calculated.

A multiband broadcasting that can be used for mobile handsets is presented. This antenna consists of a smart micro strip patch antenna, passive antenna data broadcasting and a low noise amplifier. The design procedure of this antenna, in which the passive antenna shows very different impedances at each band, is also presented. It is proposed configuration can be used as a multiband receiving patch antenna for multiple band. In environments with locality of client demands, the use of multiple directional antennas at the Broadcasting has been shown to increase performance. In many cases such broadcasting systems fail to exploit the full potential of the multiple antennas as they do not take into account the geographical distribution of clients within the coverage area of the mobile. This letter proposes smart patch antenna based wireless push system where the beam width of each micro strip patch antenna is altered based on the current placement of clients within the network. Coupled with a modification of the broadcast schedule, the proposed approach significantly increases the performance.

Network Security is that the method of adopting network administration by avoidable access. Cryptography provides a mechanism of crypto that the best means of protect any info by confidentially and integrity of information. To implement this category of networking data in wireless networks by victimization is the method of converting and connecting to analyze and get information integrity authorization and in addition duplicate the data to safeguard in an internet domain. Which domain port of entities unit lined at hops for one secure system to use the domain admin authority. For the aim of secure the data it makes sure by Java writing with analyzing of crypto ways.

This work contributes for a better understanding of the dynamic behaviour of components made from biaxial jute fiber reinforced composite laminates by performing numerical analysis via finite element analysis, which basically yields their free vibration response. A variety of parametric studies were carried out to see the effects of various changes in the laminate parameters like orientation of fiber, stacking sequence and number of layers of fiber on the natural frequencies. Modal analysis was performed in order to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes, which are important parameters in the design of a structure for dynamic loading conditions. The finite element simulation in this case was performed by a commercially available software package ANSYS 15.

The effect of various twist ratio’s of twisted tape inserts to enhance the rate heat transfer with Al2O3/water nanofluid. The investigation has been carried out with different twist ratio\’s of (Yw= 3.4, 4, 4.5) with 0.3% volume concentration, were 5% higher than water. These experiments were carried out for double pipe concentric heat exchanger. This experiment was conducted at Reynolds number ranges from 250 to 760 with the temperature ranges 270C to 400C. The twist ratio of 3.5 counter flow increase heat transfer rate compared to other twist values. The numerical results proved that increase of thermal performance of nanofluid with modified twisted tape. The turbulent kinetic energy is increased very much and also increased by the twisted tape insert.

The main aim of this paper is to resolve and design a suitable micro wind turbine which could be employed for low speed wind places like urban. The design and fabrication of a locally developed three blade horizontal-axis micro wind turbine was carried out. The blade modelled using CATIA software for NACA 4410 profile. The blade length is 0.3 meters was chosen and the angle of attack was experimentally determined to as 70 . The turbine blade is fabricated from teak wood because of vast availability, strength, hardness, durability and stiffness. The turbine was installed on the roof of the building. Building’s hub height is 10 meters from the ground level. The direct current power output of the test turbine was measured through the digital multi meter. The cut in wind speed i.e., the speed at which the turbine starts to produce power determined at 2 m/s. The test was conducted on different power output at different wind speed. The maximum power obtained as 7.5 watts for 12 m/s, the measured power increase consistently with increase in wind speed and the power curve obtained is compared fairly well with standard power curves

The need for environment friendly nonpolluting technology is the basis for this research. This paper aims at investigating the use of sugarcane fiber as an alternative to synthetic fiber and inclusion of CNSL along with the GP Polyester Resin to make this a partially biodegradable combination. The investigations show that the alkali treatment of the sugarcane fiber with NaOH has greatly improved the stress intensity factor of the composite.

The objective of this project is to design a micro gas turbine and too make a static analysis on its turbine and compressor and to find out the results of maximum stress and total deformation in the turbine and the compressor. This project does not include a CFD analysis on the turbine and compressor which is necessary to optimise the design. Only a mean line design process is discussed in this project.

In this paper a new modified explicit-pulsed clock gated sense-amplifier flip-flop (MCG-SAFF) is proposed for low power and high performance applications. By embedding dual-edge triggering mechanism and conditional pre-charging in the new symmetric latch, the MCG-SAFF is capable to achieve low power dissipation and delay. The simulations are carried out in mentor graphics tools of 130nm technology. From this it is evident that with the proposed design there is 22.1% reduction in power dissipation and 76.5% in delay. When the switching activity is less than 0.5, the proposed MCGSAFF shown its superiority in terms of power reduction. During zero input switching activity, MCGSAFF can realize upto 86% in power saving